Enhancing High-Energy Li-Ion Batteries for Commercial Applications
The demand for high-energy density lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries is surging across critical sectors, including electric vehicles, consumer electronics, drones, and air taxis. Silicon (Si) has emerged as a leading candidate for next-generation Li-ion battery anodes, boasting a theoretical specific capacity of approximately 3,600 mAh/g—over ten times that of the current graphite anodes used in commercial batteries (350 mAh/g).
However, silicon's significant volume expansion (~300%) during the lithiation process presents challenges such as particle pulverization and rapid capacity loss, leading to shorter battery lifespans.
Moreover, silicon's lower electrical conductivity compared to graphite adversely affects power performance when integrated into batteries. Addressing these issues requires innovative modifications to silicon or the development of silicon-based composite materials.